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Literature and Science :
An Interdisciplinary Approach.
Timeline of Victorian Science
1842 Crawford Long uses ether in a minor operation; Richard Owen coins term Dinosaur.
1843 Great Britain — first large, iron, screw-propelled steamship
1843 Typewriter invented.
1844 Chambers, Vestiges of the natural history of creation (at Project Gutenberg).
1844 Commercial use of Morse's telegraph (Baltimore to Washington).
c. 1845 Turret-lathe.
1846 Pneumatic tire patented
1846 First telegraph cable laid under the Channel.
1846 Ether used in a major operation.
1846 Elias Howe invents sewing machine.
1847 Boole, Mathematical Logic.
1849 Monier develops reinforced concrete.
1850 Petrol (gasoline) refining first used.
1850 Isaac Singer commercializes sewing machine
1850 Natural Science Honours School established at Oxford.
1851 Singer invents first practical sewing machine.
1851 Natural Sciences Tripos at Cambridge.
1853 Elisha Otis invents the elevator safety brake making skyscrapers possible
1854 Bessemer invents steel converter.
1855 William Thomson and William Rankine proclaim a new science of thermodynamics or "energetics," Regius Chair of Technology founded at Edinburgh.
1855 Yale lock invented
1855 H. Spencer, Principles of Psychology.
1856 Bessemer's converter enables mass production of steel .
1856 H. Perkin produces aniline dyes, permitting brightly colored cottons.
1857 Pasteur experiments with fermentation.
1858 First Trans-Atlantic Cable completed
1858 Cathode rays discovered.
1859 Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species.
James Clerk Maxwell, "Kinetic Theory of Gases
1859 Edwin Drake strikes oil in Pennsylvania.
1859 Etienne Lenoir demonstrates the first successful gasoline engine.
1860 Science degrees at University of London.
1861 Universal milling machine invented;
1861 James Clerk Maxwell creates first color photograph.
1863 Siemens-Martin open hearth process (along with the Bessemer converter) makes steel available in bulk. Steel begins to replace iron in building: steel framing and reinforced concrete make possible "curtain-wall" architecture — i.e., the skyscraper.
1864 Maxwell's Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field
1867 Lister demonstrates the use of carbolic antiseptic.
1867 Alfred Nobel produces dynamite, the first high explosive which can be safely handled.
1869 Mendeléev produces the Periodic Table.
c. 1870 Automatic lathe
1873 Maxwell, Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism
Christopher Sholes invents the Remington typewriter.
1873 James Clerk Maxwell states the laws of electro-magnetic radiation
1876 Bell invents the telephone.
1876 Robert Koch discovers the anthrax-causing micro-organism, demonstrates its life cycle and explains how it causes disease after long dormancy.
1877 Thomas Edison invents the phonograph
1877 Gilchrist-Thomas basic process permits using wider range of ores for manufacturing steel
1878 Microphone invented.
1879 Edison invents the incandescent lamp.
1882 Koch isolates tuberculosis bacillus.
1883 First skyscraper (ten stories) in Chicago.
1883 The Brooklyn Bridge opens. This large suspension bridge, built by the Roeblings (father and son), is a triumph of engineering.
1884 Maxim invents the machine gun, making possible mass slaughter and beginning the mechanization of warfare.
1884 Carl Kohler uses cocaine as a local anesthetic.
1884 Koch isolates the cholera bacillus.
1885 Benz develops first automobile to run on internal- combustion engine.
1885 Pasteur develops hydrophobia vaccine.
1886 R.H. Fitz identifies appendicitis.
1888 Hertz produces radio waves.
1889 Eiffel Tower.
1890 Wm. James, Principles of Psychology
1890 Koch develops tuberculin, which can be used to test for tuberculosis.
1892 Rudolf Diesel invents his namesake.
1894 William Ramsay discovers argon, first of the inert gases.
1895 Lumière brothers develop Cinematograph.
1895 Roentgen discovers X-rays.
1896 Marconi patents wireless telegraph.
1896 Becquerel discovers radioactivity in uranium.
1897 Joseph Thomson discovers particles smaller than atoms.
1898 Ramsay and Travers discover krypton, neon and xenon.
1899 Aspirin invented.
1900 Planck develops quantum theory.
1900 First Zeppelin built.
1900 Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams.
1901 Marconi transmits first trans-Atlantic radio message (from Cape Cod)
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